Biomolecules
Biomolecules can be defined as molecules that are produced by living organisms and form the structural basis of all living organisms. Biomolecules includes large macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. It also includes small molecules like primary and secondary metabolites and natural products. Biomolecules consist mainly of carbon and hydrogen with nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur and phosphorus.
There are four major classes of biomolecules:
There are four major classes of biomolecules:
Functions of the Biomolecules:
- Carbohydrates provide the body with source of fuel and energy, it aids in proper functioning of our brain, heart and nervous, digestive and immune system. Deficiency of carbohydrates in the diet causes fatigue, poor mental function.
- Each protein in the body has specific functions, some proteins provide structural support, help in body movement, and also defense against germs and infections. Proteins can be antibodies, hormonal, enzymes and contractile proteins.
- Lipids, the primary purpose of lipids in body is energy storage. Structural membranes are composed of lipids which forms a barrier and controls flow of material in and out of the cell. Lipid hormones, like sterols, help in mediating communication between cells.
- Nucleic Acids are the DNA and RNA, they carry genetic information in the cell. They also help in synthesis of proteins, through the process of translation and transcription.